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Praxis: The Online Publication of The McCarthy Institute

Code and Counsel: How Smart Contracts Can Reshape the Legal Profession

By Obren Manjencich  Historically, contract drafting has undergone two groundbreaking technological innovations: the typewriter and the computer. The latter has proven to be more influential and long-lasting, as it allows contracts to be drafted more efficiently and formulaically. Attorneys can store previous contracts in digital files or on hard drives and easily edit them to […]

Interview with the founder of S.R. Patents.

 By Connor Siem. The Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University January 13, 2026  I had the opportunity to interview Salumeh Ramsay, the founder of S.R. Patents.  Salumeh spent over 15 years as a patent litigator and earned her bachelor’s degree from  Cornell University and her J.D. from the University of Michigan.   […]

Case Analysis: Megan Garcia v. Character Technologies, Inc. and the First Amendment Rights of Artificial Intelligence Large Language Model Output

By Sara Miller I.                Introduction The ongoing litigation between Megan Garcia and Character Technologies, Inc., and associated individual Defendants raises a novel question of whether artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots may be awarded the same protections regarding freedom of speech under the First Amendment as biological humans. Garcia, the mother and personal representative of her […]

 Interview with a Trademark Examining Attorney at USPTO

By Jaqwaun Myles  January 22, 2026 I had the opportunity to interview Ms. Natalie Elizaroff, who works for the USPTO, as a  Trademark Examining Attorney. Ms. Elizaroff has additionally worked in private IP practice  before her time at the USPTO and earned her undergraduate degree in Molecular Biology from  the Loyola University Chicago, and her […]

When Drinking an IPA, Remember the IP is Intellectual Property

By Thomas Pustelak Beer: Where Creativity and IP Disputes Ferment When people hear the phrase “intellectual property,” they tend to think of innovative technology and the logos of global corporations, not a precursor to  civilization. Yet beer has interesting connections to intellectual property that run deeper than one might  assume, and those connections extend into […]

Closing the Gap on Gender Inequities in Sport Through NIL and Intellectual Property Rights

By Reagan Lindsay-Kereluik Background In 2021, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the primary governing organization of college athletics in the United States, underwent transformative changes shortly after the Supreme Court’s ruling in NCAA v. Alston.[1] In NCAA v. Alston, the U.S. Supreme Court came to the unanimous decision that the NCAA was in violation […]

On the USPTO’s Recent Efforts to Expand Patent Eligibility

By Adam S. Braegelman, Ph.D. Adam is a first-year law student at the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University. Currently, Adam serves as a Scholarship Fellow at the McCarthy Institute. Prior to law school, Adam earned his Ph.D. in Bioengineering at the University of Notre Dame and was a practicing patent […]

How Chinese Economic Statecraft Sucked Up the Roomba

By Ethan Watson As China grows in global influence and the world shifts towards a multipolar model, perhaps no issue highlights the ongoing culture clash like the flow of intellectual property from West to East. As outlined below, China views Western, particularly American, intellectual property as a resource to be plundered for nation-building purposes.[1] American […]

International Trademark Enforcement Mechanisms: A Brief Primer

By Cayden Perez. Cayden is a second-year law student at Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University in Phoenix, Arizona. Cayden is a fellow of the McCarthy Institute’s Symposia branch and served as the TechTainment Committee Chair. Cayden wishes to pursue international intellectual property law upon graduating. Introduction Trademarks are words, symbols, […]

The Trademark Feud Between Columbia Sportswear and Columbia University

By Shannon Kavanagh             Columbia University (the “University”), are in dispute regarding the trademark “Columbia.”[1] Columbia Sportswear owns a registered trademark for the word, “Columbia,”[2] covering “men’s, women’s and children’s jackets, parkas, wind resistant jackets, pants, shorts, rain suits, ski bibs, jacketliners, gaiters, scarves, hats, gloves, mittens, shoes and boots, men’s and women’s turtlenecks, sweatshirts, […]